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Analog Crosspoint Switches

An analog crosspoint, also known as an analog switch array, is an analog switch matrix with a predefined array size (usually specified as x by y, meaning x input/output rows by y input/output columns). Analog refers to the input signals that can be passed through and be steered to the configured output. Analog signals are continuous, as opposed to digital, which are of discrete logic levels. Crosspoints are used in applications like PBX systems and audio/video switching, where analog signals may need to be switched between many sources and destinations.

A crosspoint will connect any row with any column when turned on and provide isolation when turned off. This configuration is stored in a memory that can be written to by an external processor over a logic interface. The logic interface is usually in the form of an address decoder that allows individual bit switch settings to be modified. Analog voltages that are supported may be quite high relative to voltages of the digital logic interface, for example some analog crosspoints can support 12Vpp (peak to peak) whereas the logic levels may be only five Volts.

Important characteristics of a crosspoint switch include low distortion of signals as they pass through the switching matrix. Isolation is also important to prevent signals from cross-coupling onto each other (cross-talk).  When a switch is 'on' the effective series resistance is important. For high-speed crosspoints capable of supporting high bandwidth signal switching, it is important to have a series resistance that is matched to the interface impedance, reducing the distortion of the signal. For other signaling, it is good to have a low 'on' resistance to reduce the voltage divider effect that happens on the signals passing through the switch.

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