A power distribution unit in its simplest form is merely a device, which facilitates the transfer of power to other electrical devices. In most cases, it is designed with multiple outputs to provide power to many devices at once.  This is done to save space and to link all the devices to a central unit.  Usually, there are also built-in electrical protections to provide a safeguard for the connecting devices.  More complex and extensive models have controls and monitors that can be accessed through networking protocols.

The quality of a power source is vital for any network.  Distribution units almost always provide protections against power quality issues.  This includes power surge protection, which prevents the complete destruction of all devices powered by the unit.  It also includes power stabilization circuitry, which prevents noise and transients from being transferred to the attached devices.

Many now include network communication, which can monitor both input and output power signals.  It also allows for user control of power settings within the distribution unit.